Assessment in Action in the Primary School (Primary Directions Series)

Contents:

  • View Assessment In Action In The Primary School (Primary Directions Series)
  • Interactive Risk Assessments for Primary Schools
  • Services on Demand

    • Sample inspection template Tool 8 B: Sample inspection check sheet. Enter your email address in the box below to receive an email each time we post a new issue of our newsletter: Tool 4 of the Guidelines contains a series of risk assessment templates for primary schools. No-1 Slips, Trips And Falls. No-3 Portable Electrical Appliances. No-4 Use of Knives and Cutters.

    No-6 Playground Slips, Trips, Falls and dangerous objects.

    No-8 Playground Aggressive or Violent behaviour. No Administration of Medicine. No Fire - Events. No Drop Off-Pick Up. No Computers - General Considerations. No Aggressive, Threatening, Behaviour towards a staff member. No Home visits by home school liaison teacher or other.

    View Assessment In Action In The Primary School (Primary Directions Series)

    No Single Teacher School. No Lone Workers eg. No Exercise Equipment - Gym Equipment. No Cleaning - General Considerations. No Waste Compacter and Baler. No Work at Height - Ladders. No Toilets and Showers. No Boiler house and fuel tanks. No Grass Cutting - Ride-on Mower.

    Module 3: Peer Assessment

    No Waste Compactor and-or Baler. No Canteen - General Considerations.

    Interactive Risk Assessments for Primary Schools

    No Working with Chemical Products. Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. An evaluative framework was built for sexual and reproductive health with the categorization of 99 indicators in three domains: Percentages were calculated for positive responses to indicators and performance in the sexual and reproductive health dimension, according to domains, and their contribution to the overall score in sexual and reproductive health Friedman , relative participation Dunn , and correlation Spearman was verified.

    Primary Directions Series. Series Editors: Colin Conner, School of Education, University of Cambridge UK and Geoff Southworth,. Department of Education. Developing Quality Assessment Approaches in Primary Schools. Section 4: The Areas of their own progress and potential and take informed action towards ongoing improvement. obtain information;. • follow directions in relation to.

    Overall, 2, services participated in the study. The overall average performance of these services for sexual and reproductive health is The actions are characterized by: The implementation of sexual and reproductive health in primary health care in the services studied is incipient. The revision of the purpose of the work, the dissemination of technologies, and the investing in permanent education are needed. The evaluative framework built can be used by the sexual and reproductive health program services and management in primary health care, thereby contributing to their actions.

    Primary health care PHC services are considered relevant to sexual and reproductive health SRH of individuals and population groups. The policy recommendations and delineation of the SRH programs are related to the attributes and purposes of the work in PHC 3 , 15 , Oriented towards comprehensivenes 3 , it develops actions for health promotion, disease prevention, recovery, and rehabilitation.

    Because of its proximity to the territory — area of sanitary responsibility and geopolitical space 25 , headquarters of the life of subjects, with its needs and projects —, PHC is the preferable scenario of care practices 3 , 25 , 29 , Issues related to sexuality and reproduction trigger individual demands and requests from other sectors for PHC services; they have epidemiological relevance and are of collective interest for health education in the community 13 , The constitution of the SRH field refers to expanded notions of health and sexual and reproductive rights, influenced by population and development policies, and the participation of social movements about sexuality and gender relations 7.

    Reproductive health is considered the complete well-being of the reproductive functions and processes; its care includes methods, techniques, and services that contribute to the reproductive well-being and the prevention and resolution of problems. Sexual health aims to improve the quality of life and personal relations. It is not limited to reproductive counseling and assistance to persons with sexually transmitted infections STI 7. Brazil, a signatory of international conferences on rights in SRH 32 , 33 , has elaborated policies, programs, protocols, and recommendations related to the attributions of PHC to make SRH effective in the SUS, which guided this evaluative study 9.

    Being a pioneer program in the country, it has integrated actions with PHC since This study was developed as a health assessment with the creation of an evaluative framework for the SRH dimension in PHC. The answers to the questionnaire QualiAB, filled online by managers and services teams, in , were used as source of data. The questionnaire was elaborated in evaluative research 5 , validated in , and referenced by the health work theory — which considers health practices as technical and political intervention in reality The QualiAB is applicable to services of different organizational arrangements and it covers the various tasks of the PHC, enabling the assessment of specific themes 5.

    Adherence was open for all the municipal managers to register their services in the QualiAB system, and its dissemination predominantly focused on municipalities that had the Program of Primary Health Care Articulators, aimed at municipalities with less than , inhabitants 2. In order to characterize the practices of the services, the answers to the indicators generated a binary system 1 for what the service does; 0 for what it does not do.

    In each service, the answers to the indicators making up each subdomain were added; the total number of indicators making up the subdomain was the denominator for the value obtained, with the result varying between zero and This procedure was repeated for each domain and for the SRH dimension, as a whole. Friedman test was used to compare the subdomains and domains in order to verify their contribution to the score created for the SRH dimension. A histogram was designed to show the distribution of services in the score for the SRH dimension.

    Services on Demand

    Spearman correlations were calculated to identify the existence of correlations between subdomains, domains, and the SRH dimension. Municipal managers agreed by term of compliance; the services participating signed the informed consent. According to population data of , The coverage estimate achieved by the QualiAB is imprecise, because of consistencies in the existing records and their poor updating.

    Considering the number of 4, basic health units and health centers, amounting to 4, basic services, registered in the National Register of Health Establishments in July , the proportion of response to the QualiAB is Of the participating services, The distribution by organizational arrangement consists of Complete data available in the study of Nasser MA see footnote. For SRH promotion, isolated activities are predominant in the actions of health education developed in the community and unit: Addressing the body and reproductive functions takes precedence over the discussion on rights and sexuality.

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    Situations of vulnerability, such as alcohol abuse and violence, are more present in educational activities in the community than they are followed up in the units. Women are the main target audience, comparing adults and adolescents. There are limitations of screening for cervical-uterine cancer, because of the low criteria compliance and irregular offer of Pap smear. Syphilis and HIV diagnosis, during prenatal care, is compromised by improper collection of exams.

    Treatment of STI cases has limitations because of the insufficient adoption of syndromic treatment and the predominance of a diagnostic confirmation approach, requiring greater professional expertise and bringing risks to the adherence of the user. Use of condoms and serological testing are frequently advised. There are limitations in the availability of medications for STIs, the application of benzathine penicillin, and the treatment of pregnant women with syphilis and their partners.

    The nonexistence of cases of congenital syphilis is reported only in part of the units. Health surveillance activities, such as exam assessment, happen partially. The most frequently recorded information, such as vaccinations and collection of Pap smear, refers to productivity.

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    The availability of male condoms and oral contraceptives is high. The offer of surgical methods is frequent.

    On the other hand, female condoms and emergency contraception are scarcer. Most services offer prenatal as a scheduled activity, with admission of pregnant women in the first trimester and performance of the recommended tests. Health education actions for pregnant women are present in most units, some with groups for adolescents. Time and place of immediate postpartum appointment scheduling are usually more appropriate, than for late postpartum.

    The evaluative framework for SRH in PHC, which, from the assessment of empirical data, was a mediator in the construction of this theory, can be used as a tool, particularly for work planning or future assessments. It is not limited to reproductive counseling and assistance to persons with sexually transmitted infections STI 7. Accidents and Behaviour Bullying at Work. The offer of surgical methods is frequent. Methodological possibilities were also present; with emphasis on the construction of a viable assessment, integrating a general questionnaire about PHC with easily understood explanations and recommendations, which may contribute to improving the organization of the work with SRH in PHC. The coverage estimate achieved by the QualiAB is imprecise, because of consistencies in the existing records and their poor updating.

    The surveillance of no-show patients is more common for pregnant women when compared to puerperal women. The distribution of services in the score for SRH originated a histogram that approaches the normal curve, which indicates the evaluation adequacy and allows the discrimination and description of the performance of the services using the arithmetic mean. Despite considerable variance, the analysis is significant because of the high number of indicators and participating services. The comparison between the subdomains shows the distance between their participation in the composition of the domains.

    The average difference is attributed to the frequency of the actions performed Figure 2. The correlation between all domains and subdomains comprising the SRH dimension is positive.

    The domains j, k, l and the SRH dimension m were highlighted in bold to differentiate from the subdomains. It reveals the power relations that characterize the care in this group 10 , 17 , notably regarding the protection of the maternal and child health and female body control 10 , The differences in the actions researched and the order of participation between the subdomains — prenatal and postnatal care, health care of reproductive and sexually related organs, and reproductive planning — possibly express an unequal recognition of these practices by both the health sector and the society.

    Actions seeking maternal and child mortality reduction and screening for neoplasms are regarded as more important than the ones seeking to guarantee reproductive choices in sexuality 8 , 10 , 28 , Training and know-how in technologies involved in each type of action are different: Actions commonly happen in the unit rather than in the community. There is a polarization between reproduction and sexuality 28 , as well as inadequacy in how sexual and reproductive rights and gender relations 10 are addressed indicated by the limitation in the supply of female condoms and emergency contraception.

    Consequently, training and adoption of technological tools 14 , 15 , 26 are necessary. The actions of health surveillance and information are a relatively high performance subdomain, with emphasis on data record related to production.