Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology: Volume IV: 4 (Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology (Hardcover La


In Gazzaniga , M. Physical and motor development. An advanced textbook 5th ed. Disorders of balance and vestibular function in US adults: Archives of Internal Medicine , 10 , — Performance management 2nd ed.

The reverse hierarchy theory of visual perceptual learning. Trends in Cognitive Science , 8 , — Journal of Medical Humanities , 29 4 , — Psychological testing and assessment 12th ed. The handbook of attitudes. Computerized working memory training: Can it lead to gains in cognitive skills in students? Origins and development of indigenous psychologies: International Journal of Psychology , 41 4 , — The ascent of Babel: An exploration of language, mind, and understanding.

Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of brain correlates of placebo analgesia in human experimental pain. Human Brain Mapping , 34 , — Standards for educational and psychological testing 2nd ed. American National Standards Institute. Society for Human Resource Management. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 5th ed.

The role of the parahippocampal cortex in cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 17 8 , — The world of attractor neural networks. Can computational goals inform theories of vision? Topics in Cognitive Science , 7 2 , — Annual Review of Psychology , 53 , 27 — Violent evil and the general aggression model. How well does paternity confidence match actual paternity?

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Evidence from worldwide nonpaternity rates. Current Anthropology , 47 , — Current Directions in Psychological Science , 18 4 , — Ethics for psychotherapists and counselors: Personality assessment via questionnaires. Psychosocial intervention effects on adaptation, disease course and biobehavioral processes in cancer. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity , 30 , S88 — S The influence of bio-behavioural factors on tumour biology: Nature Reviews Cancer , 6 , — Evidence-based practice in psychology. American Psychologist , 61 , — Preliminary study of themes of meaning and psychosocial service use among informal cancer caregivers.

Palliative and Supportive Care , 12 2 , — Gender differences in cognitive development. Developmental Psychology , 47 4 , — The hidden forces that shape our decisions Rev. The upside of irrationality: The unexpected benefits of defying logic at work and at home. Toward a psychology of art: University of California Press.

P , Mashek , D. Closeness as including other in the self. Effectiveness of training in organizations: A meta—analysis of design and evaluation features. Journal of Applied Psychology , 88 , — Age, schooling and conditional reasoning. Cognitive Development , 21 , — Language and conceptual development.

Person-centered approaches to personality. Personality processes and individual differences pp. Multidimensional models of perception and cognition. The handbook of organizational culture and climate 2nd ed. An organizing framework for collective identity: Articulation and significance of multidimensionality. Psychological Bulletin , , 80 — Personality and Social Psychology Review , 11 2 , — The native mind and the cultural construction of nature.

An integrated introduction 3rd ed. Sensory subtypes in children with autism spectrum disorder: Latent profile transition analysis using a national survey of sensory features. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry , 55 , — Developmental theories through the life cycle 2nd ed. The evolution of cooperation.

Science , , — A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 4 , — Working memory, thought, and action. Binding in visual working memory: The role of the episodic buffer. Neuropsychologia , 49 , — Some current dimensions of applied behavior analysis. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis , 1 1 , 91 — Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review. Science and Practice , 10 , — Social psychology of visual perception. Discerning intentions in dynamic human action. Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 5 4 , — Neuroendocrine and immune influences on the CNS: Brain aromatase, estrogens, and behavior.

Selves and identities in the making: The study of microgenetic processes in interactive practices. State of the art. Aetiology and clinical presentations of auditory processing disorders: Archives of Disease in Childhood , 85 , — Principles of behavior modification. A social learning analysis. Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. The exercise of control. Toward a psychology of human agency. Perspectives on Psychological Science , 1 , — A history of Western and Eastern psychotherapies. Hypnosis, imagination, and human potentialities. Perspectives on Psychological Science , 3 , 73 — Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81 , — The general aggression and general [Page ] learning models. Clinical handbook of psychological disorders: A step-by-step treatment manual 4th ed. The nature, diagnosis, and treatment of neuroticism: Back to the future. Clinical Psychological Science , 2 , — Legacy, vibrancy, and dialogue.

The new science of dreaming. The mind in context. Interactive effects of life experience and situational cues on aggression: The weapons priming effect in hunters and nonhunters. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 41 , 48 — Women and gender in research on work and family stress. American Psychologist , 42 , — Why are individuals so different from each other?

Behavior, culture, and evolution 2nd ed. Allocation, induction, and contingency. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior , 97 , — Does high self-esteem cause better performance, interpersonal success, happiness, or healthier lifestyles?

Psychological Science in the Public Interest , 4 1 , 1 — Rediscovering the greatest human strength. Do deaf individuals see better? Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 10 , — Idiosyncratic content and cognitive distortions.

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Archives of General Psychiatry , 9 , — Cognitive therapy and the emotional disorders. Cognitive therapy of personality disorders 3rd ed. Cognitive therapy of depression. A journey to John B. American Psychologist , 64 7 , — History of the Stanford-Binet intelligence scales: Habits of the heart: Individualism and community in American life. The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology , 42 , — Understanding the mechanisms in health and disease.

Theory and research 3rd ed. History of cognitive neuroscience. Determinants and consequences of health worker motivation in hospitals in Jordan and Georgia. Social Science and Medicine , 58 , — The challenges of leadership in the modern world: Introduction to the special issue.

American Psychologist , 62 , 2 — 5. The development of sensory over-responsivity from infancy to elementary school. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , 38 8 , — The Lancet , , — A brief tour of higher consciousness: A cosmic book on the mechanics of creation. Sexual differentiation of human behavior: Effects of prenatal and pubertal organizational hormones. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology , 32 , — The new science of how the mind makes meaning. Word , 14 , — Its causes, consequences, and control. The Afroasiatic roots of classical civilization.

Readings in contemporary epistemology. How to tell if a particular memory is true or false. Perspectives on Psychological Science , 4 , — History and epistemology of psychopathology. The nature and sources of historical challenge pp. Research and application 3rd ed. An outline of general systems theory. British Journal for the Philosophy of Science , 1 , — Psychodynamic theory and practice with multicultural populations 3rd ed. Inside out and outside in: Integrative assessment of adult personality 2nd ed.

Guidelines for the systematic treatment of the depressed patient.

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology

Coping, treatment planning, and treatment outcome: Journal of Clinical Psychology , 59 10 , — Race, culture, and identity in the Indian diaspora. New York University Press. Peripheral and central mediators of lipopolysaccharide LPS -induced suppression of defensive rage behavior in the cat. Neuroscience , , — The emergent ontology of persons. Philosophical, historical, social-developmental, and narrative perspectives pp. From rudimentary to higher-level functions.

Current Directions in Psychological Science , 21 , — Modern ideas about children S. Original work published Application of the new methods to the diagnosis of the intellectual level among normal and subnormal children in institutions and in the primary schools. Social ties and cardiovascular function: An examination of relationship positivity and negativity during stress.

International Journal of Psychophysiology , 74 2 , — How psychology can inform genetics and vice versa. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology , 59 7 , — On the symbiosis of learning, remembering, and forgetting. A Festschrift in honor of Robert A. Relatedness and self-definition in personality development, psychopathology, and the therapeutic process. The role of ego-control and ego-resiliency in the organization of behavior. Perceptual consciousness overflows cognitive access. Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 15 12 , — How children learn the meanings of words.

Neuroanatomy through clinical cases. The construction of emotion in interactions, relationships, and cultures. Emotion Review , 4 , — Living life as it is lived. Annual Review of Psychology , 54 , — New opportunities for evolutionary psychology. PLoS Biology , 9 , e Clarifying and extending the construct of adult resilience.

American Psychologist , 60 , — Twenty years of psychoneuroimmunology and viral infections in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity , 21 , — A rebuttal on health. Understanding hard to maintain behavior change: Psychoanalytic theory as a unifying framework for 21st century personality assessment. Psychoanalytic Psychology , 27 , — The increase in heritability of I with age.

Twin Research and Human Genetics , 16 , — Genes, evolution, and personality. Behavior Genetics , 31 , — Knowing and using concepts. Psychological Review , 77 , — Why behavior change is difficult to sustain. Preventive Medicine , 68 , 29 — An analysis and a critique. Psychological Review , 80 , — A biology of misfortune: Stress reactivity, social context, and the ontogeny of psychopathology in early life.

Pathways to the future pp. The Sage handbook of personality theory and assessment: Personality measurement and testing. Relating emotional abilities to social functioning: A comparison of self-report and performance measures of emotional intelligence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 91 , — Emotion and motivation I: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion , 1 , — Scientific American Mind , 20 , Job and work analysis: Methods, research and applications for human resource management.

The nature and nurture of high IQ: An extended sensitive period for intellectual development. Psychological Science , 24 , — An introduction to behavioral, cognitive, and clinical neuroscience 6th ed. An evolutionary perspective on food and human taste. Current Biology , 23 , R — R Monogeusia for fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose. Design and analysis of case-control studies. Annual Review of Public Health , 3 , 29 — Emotion without a word: Shame and guilt among Raramuri Indians and rural Javanese. Explaining the increasing heritability of cognitive ability across development: A meta-analysis of longitudinal twin and adoption studies.

The history of attitudes and persuasion research. Gender and emotion in context. We see more than we can report: Psychological Science , 25 7 , — Personality, gender, and culture. Traditional and new principles of perceptual grouping. Social negativity and health: Conceptual and measurement issues. Social and Personality Psychology Compass , 5 11 , — General anesthesia, sleep, and coma. New England Journal of Medicine , , — A must for developing an effective training program.

Public Personnel Management , 31 , — Individual and situational influences in criminal and civil contexts pp. Evaluation of the unique and specific contributions of dimensions of the triple vulnerability model to the prediction of DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorder constructs. Behavior Therapy , 44 , — Psychological Review , , — Emotion is an entity at both biological and ecological levels: The ghost in the machine is language. Emotion Review , 2 , — John Broadus Watson and the beginnings of behaviorism. Principles of visual attention: Linking mind and brain.

The genesis of animal play: Language as symbolic action: Essays on life, literature, and method. Psychotherapy as a human science. Neuronal effects following working memory training. Sex differences in human mate preferences: Evolutionary hypotheses tested in 37 cultures. Behavioral and Brain Sciences , 12 , 1 — Personality and the adaptive landscape: The role of individual differences in creating and solving social adaptive problems. Handbook of evolutionary psychology 2nd ed. The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses.

Clinical Psychology Review , 26 , 17 — A history of social neuroscience. Philosophical and psychological essays. Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 12 , — Handbook of cognitive science: The wisdom of the body. The civilization of the Middle Ages Rev. What psychotherapists can begin to learn from neuroscience: Seven principles of brain-based psychotherapy.

Psychotherapy 42 , — The insistence of God: A theology of perhaps. The origin of concepts. Clinical sleep disorders 2nd ed. Guide to research techniques in neuroscience. Biology, psychology, and health pp. Applied psychology in human resource management 7th ed. Short introduction to human resource strategy. Confirmation and clarification of primary personality factors. Psychometrika , 12 , — How much does schooling influence general intelligence and its cognitive components?

A reassessment of the evidence. Developmental Psychology , 27 , — The character of consciousness. Strategies to prevent and remediate challenging behavior in school settings 4th ed. Negotiating with autonomy and relatedness: Dialogical processes in everyday lives of Indians. Radical embodied cognitive science. Multiple intelligences around the world.

Diverse spatial reference frames of vestibular signals in parietal cortex. Neuron , 80 5 , — Neural substrates underlying human delay and trace eyeblink conditioning. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , 23 , — Toward a new approach to the study of personality in culture. American Psychologist , 66 , — The nature of expertise.

Do stress-related psychosocial factors contribute to cancer incidence and survival? Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology , 5 , — An introduction to semantics. The Hague, The Netherlands: Aspects of the theory of syntax. New horizons in the study of language and mind. Research methods, design, and analysis 12th ed.

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As a result, the AFM's favorable agreement with radio was not renewed. From the AFM's standpoint, the only way to halt the drain was to slow the growth of radio, records, and jukeboxes. Toward the future of psychiatric diagnosis: New Ideas in Psychology http: Learn More Visit JazzWax.

Vision, memory, and attention. During one of these appearances, in at Clark Monroe's Uptown House, Parker's improvised performance of "Cherokee" was captured on an acetate disc recorded by Jerry Newman, a Columbia University student. As evidenced by the recording, Parker's solo was breathtakingly fast and fluid, demonstrating an unrivaled feel for the new modern sound that Gillespie and his disciples were crafting in Harlem clubs. By the summer of , Gillespie was experimenting with new chord voicings and harmony while Parker was exploring how to phrase solos differently and infuse the blues into virtually every solo he played.

Both Parker and Gillespie had just about perfected their new approach to jazz when their ambitions to record were halted. In August the American Federation of Musicians launched a job action against record companies that prohibited all union musicians from recording. The ban was the culmination of a fifteen-year battle the AFM had been waging over new sound-recording technologies that had displaced thousands of musicians. Bebop in would have to wait a little longer to be recorded. In the years preceding World War II, music had become the country's most affordable form of entertainment.

Movies were popular, too, of course, but they had two big drawbacks: They could not be viewed at home, and you had to pay each time you wanted to see them. By contrast, music could be heard for free-again and again-after the initial purchase of a radio, phonograph, and records. As radio networks expanded their reach nationwide in the s, music became an even more popular pastime, with millions of Americans listening to the same programs at the exact same time, often in the comfort of their living rooms.

As the quality of recorded music improved, starting in the late s with the introduction of the electronic microphone, the recording and radio industries prospered. Network radio featured live performances of musicians in their studios while records allowed consumers to hear favorites artists on their own phonographs and on jukeboxes in public. The two media-radio and records-worked hand in hand, and sales of both soared. From to , the bandleader Duke Ellington appeared more than two hundred times on the radio, establishing himself as a formidable recording artist and major crossover attraction.

But radio and records spelled trouble for the vast majority of average musicians who earned a living performing in theaters, taverns, and other public places in America's small towns and big cities. Owners of bars or restaurants who added a radio, phonograph, or jukebox to their establishments no longer had to worry about musicians' salaries or the rules imposed by the musicians' union. They simply flipped a switch and turned up the volume. In , soon after radio sets began to be mass-produced, the American Federation of Musicians' president promised members that there was "absolutely nothing to fear from radio.

Radio will have the same result as the phonograph But after the development of electric recording equipment in the mids, the sound of records began to improve dramatically, as did the at-home phonograph. During this period, the simplicity and affordability of the radio made it a family necessity. In there were radio stations in operation in the United State, and radios in more than four million households, or about 10 percent of the total, leaving enormous room for growth.

In the struggling UIB was sold and renamed CBS by its new owner, which expanded the network by emphasizing dramatic programming for the at-home market. In its infancy, radio was a mess. Signals weren't uniform, causing one station to override another on the dial as the number of operators increased. With the passage of the Radio Act of , the government began to license stations, bringing order to the near-chaotic market and the signals beamed by stations.

With efficiency came a well-ordered radio dial, leading to a surge in sales. In three hundred thousand employees worked in twelve hundred radio plants, most of them in seven major cities. By some plants were producing a thousand radios a day. The first significant threat to musicians from technology came in That year, Warner Brothers introduced its Vitaphone sound-picture system in short-subject films, laying the groundwork for the "talkie" movie.

From the start, music for talkies was recorded at movie studios in California and then synchronized to the action in films. The new technology's impact took a little time but ultimately proved devastating for movie theater organists and orchestras. The number of musicians employed to accompany silent films in movie houses around the country began to drop precipitously. Within a few years of the Vitaphone's launch, an estimated twenty-two thousand musicians-half of the instrumentalists employed by movie theaters at the time-were out of a job.

Smaller movie theaters continued to play the older silent movies with live music behind them. The big theaters got the new movies with the sound. But as the years went on and talkies took hold, the live orchestras were cut down to smaller groups, and then to just a violin and piano and drums for local theaters.

Finally, the work just dried up. As soon as talkies began to take hold, the Hollywood studios started to hire their own orchestras. My dad heard about opportunities in the studio orchestras out there, so he packed up our family and moved us to Los Angeles. The trend toward recorded music only accelerated with the repeal of Prohibition in As the number of bars proliferated, so did the number of jukeboxes installed.

The modern commercial coin-operated machines had first emerged in after electronic microphones improved the fidelity of recordings and the electric amplifier made built-in speakers possible. The jukebox's popularity surged during the s-not only in bars but also in restaurants, hotel lounges, and anywhere people ate and drank. By the late s, the company was rolling out up to seven new models a year. During the Depression, as the popularity of radio, records, talkies, and jukeboxes continued to grow, unemployment among musicians increased.

For the American Federation of Musicians, fewer musicians collecting wages meant fewer members paying union dues, and a decline in membership meant the AFM would have less clout. The federal government tried to aid musicians with the Works Progress Administration's Federal Music Project FMP , which from to employed nearly 12, musicians in symphonies, small orchestras, brass bands, and opera or choral groups. But the effort led by Washington did little for musician employment overall.

By an estimated percent of the AFM's , members were unemployed. No other occupation in America had ever faced such a threat from technology. In most industries, technology helped workers make more products faster. For example, a car built on a newly outfitted Detroit assembly line required the labor of autoworkers to operate the machinery. With the radio, records, the phonograph, and the jukebox, however, a single master recording made by musicians could be used to press millions of copies of the same song with no further participation of the original workers-in this case the musicians-in their production.

In addition, consumers could play those recordings repeatedly at home with no need for a new copy, no further payments to make, and no new efforts on the part of the musicians who made the original recording. In other industries, workers could be retrained to operate new methods of automation. But the new recording and playback technologies produced no alternative jobs for musicians. Instead, jobs that had been available to musicians, in silent-movie theaters, on the radio, and in other public places, simply disappeared as recorded sound made those positions unnecessary. By the s radio posed the largest threat to musicians' jobs, especially as records began to be played on the air.

The AFM had little choice but to either fight the trend or face the real threat of marginalization and diminished power. After complaining to the restaurant's owner that the unauthorized performance was in violation of the copyright law, Herbert was told there was no copyright infringement because no admission had been charged at the door. In retaliation, Herbert and composers and 22 music publishers formed ASCAP, which would be responsible for collecting fees from orchestras, theaters, and anyone else who wanted to perform members' compositions in public for profit.

In the s the courts expanded the composers' right to collect such fees from radio. But as the popularity and profits of radio surged in the s, ASCAP reversed itself, demanding not only a fixed royalty fee but also a percentage of a station's commercial income. Fearful of depending on songs written by ASCAP composers and having to pay royalties with no end in sight, the radio industry formed Broadcasters Music Incorporated BMI in to generate its own inventory of songs and to form a lower-cost alternative to ASCAP's near-monopoly over radio.

Although ASCAP proposed a substantial reduction in the fee it charged smaller stations, it announced a new 7. The networks viewed the fee as a tax, and when the ASCAP royalty agreement with radio expired at the end of , the networks refused to renew it under the new terms. For ten months-from January to October the country's three existing radio networks subsisted entirely on live and recorded music written by BMI composers or tunes in the public domain. Phonograph records and radio transcriptions-recordings of performances for replay on the air after their initial airing-had been used during the s by radio stations.

But court cases during the decade continually attempted to halt or restrict the on-air use of records. By then nearly nine hundred radio stations were in existence, with five hundred of them representing more than 90 percent of the income of the broadcasting industry. Despite all the fuss, ASCAP's battle with radio had barely made a dent in the profits and expansion of the radio industry. Throughout the s the AFM had waged its own war with radio and the recording industry to slow the erosion of jobs.

The battle in Chicago was particularly heated. Since the s, the city had been an entertainment and recording center, and a hotbed of union activism. In the Chicago local secured a deal with the radio industry ensuring that all recordings would be destroyed after a single broadcast. Additional airplays of records were allowed only after a station hired a "stand-by" orchestra of live musicians, whose number was equal to that of the musicians on the record. Inspired by the Chicago local's success, the national AFM in filed lawsuits in an attempt to limit the play of records to home phonographs only and prohibit their repeated on-air use by radio stations.

When the courts failed to rule on the litigation, the more militant Chicago local, in February , forbade its members from recording, stating that the prohibition was needed to halt the "menacing threat" of recorded music. Although a nationwide ban of records and radio was also considered, it was averted when the networks and their affiliates agreed, in August , to increase their budgets significantly over the next two years to hire studio musicians. The AFM may have been winning small battles here and there, but the union had dramatically overstepped its bounds.

In the Department of Justice declared that the collective agreement between the AFM and radio was illegal, the union's demands an incursion on radio's freedom of speech. As a result, the AFM's favorable agreement with radio was not renewed. After ASCAP lost its own battle with radio in , the AFM realized that any assault on radio in the future was unlikely to succeed in Washington, especially after December, when America entered the war and radio was increasingly viewed as essential to national communication and security.

But in other efforts the AFM was undaunted. In , with the naming of James Petrillo, the former Chicago union leader, as the new national president, the AFM embarked on a series of moves to consolidate its power, annexing other musicians' unions around the country and successfully pressuring the country's largest nonunion orchestra, in Boston, to join.

Although radio was the greatest threat to AFM jobs and clout, the union needed to aim at a better target. In , bypassing radio as the source of its woes, the AFM went after radio's most profitable source of content: The AFM's position was that unless the recording industry was stopped, radio would continue to find ways to play records instead of live music on the air, resulting in a steady drain of dues-paying musicians.

In , if you flipped on a radio to listen to music, chances are you heard a record playing. Although today such an occurrence hardly seems worth noting, the trend was worrisome back then. In the s recorded music was rarely aired on the radio during the day. Most radio stations employed orchestras full-time to generate much of the music they broadcast. As records became more popular, however, more radio stations began spinning them.

When the Federal Communications Commission conducted a survey of of the radio stations in operation in , it found that while the average station devoted 76 percent of its broadcast time to programs containing music, more than 55 percent of those programs used recorded or transcribed music. What's more, of the stations that were unaffiliated with the networks relied on recorded music for over 80 percent of their musical programs.

Increasingly, the only jobs available to musicians who weren't employed by bands, radio stations, and movie recording studios were low-paid teaching jobs and local gigs. From the union's standpoint, unless something was done to stanch the decline of dues-paying members, it would have diminished power to enforce the rules governing pay, hours, and staffing-and record companies and other employers would surely flout them. More important, the smaller the union's membership, the less influence it would have in Washington.

From the AFM's standpoint, the only way to halt the drain was to slow the growth of radio, records, and jukeboxes. The most effective way to improve the lot of the whole, the union believed, was to prohibit its elite members from recording. The AFM had begun to explore the possibility of a nationwide ban on recording at its convention, winning a green light from members a year later at its summit.

In June the president of the AFM, James Petrillo, fired the first salvo, sending a letter to all the record companies, stating that "your license from the American Federation of Musicians for the employment of its members in the making of musical recordings will expire on July 31, , and will not be renewed.

From and after August 1, , the American Federation of Musicians will not play or contract for any other forms of mechanical reproductions of music. With America at war on two fronts, the Department of Justice tried to head off the AFM's planned job action by filing an antitrust suit against the union. But a federal district court and then the Supreme Court dismissed the suit. But in truth, there was little Congress could do, especially when the influential American Federation of Labor, in October , endorsed the boycott and the collective struggle of musicians at its annual convention.

What made the AFM's recording ban particularly ingenious was the union's lack of stated terms for a resolution. Rather than issue a document outlining what it wanted, the AFM merely banned all recording by its members and remained mum on the conditions that needed to be met for recording to resume. Given the union's volatile history with radio, part of its initial strategy was to see whether a ban would force radio to increase its use of live musicians.

By remaining silent, the union also hoped to dodge Congress's growing animus toward labor and unions in general. The timing of the AFM's move was brilliant.

Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology, Volume IV

Just after the start of World War II, America's unions collectively had promised Washington that there would be no strikes against wartime manufacturing. But because it did not issue the terms of its job action, the AFM technically was not on strike. Union members could still play in orchestras and bands, and their performances often were carried live on the radio.

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For individuals in the U.S. & U.S. territories. Edited by Format: Hardcover Like its predecessor volumes, Portraits of Pioneers in Psychology, Volume IV offers. This fourth book in the series continues the tradition of the popular earlier volumes by offering lively and entertaining information about some of contemporary.

This book is about. From the salt pans. Thousands more were forced to give up everything"their homes, their businesses and shops, even their families"and.

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Written in Avadhi, a literary dialect of classical Hindi, the poem.