Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science

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Beauty as a State of Being: Mastering Mind and the Spiritual Path. Depression, Anxiety, Fatigue, Mood Relief. Review "Thagard has written an engaging introduction to cognitive science, which will appeal to students with a wide range of backgrounds. Related Video Shorts 0 Upload your video. Share your thoughts with other customers.

Write a customer review. There was a problem filtering reviews right now. Please try again later. But Thagard makes an honorable and largely successful stab at giving it some boundaries and some internal structure. If you're intrigued by the idea of mind science and just want a general idea of what the issues, approaches and shortcomings of its current state are, then this book written for an introductory, probably undergraduate, course is a fine place to start.

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Introduction to Cognitive Science by Paul Thagard. Introduction to Cognitive Science 3. Cognitive science approaches the study of mind and intelligence from an interdisciplinary perspective, working at the intersection of philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and anthropology. With Mind , Paul Thagard offers an introduction to this interdisciplinary field for readers who come to the subject with very different backgrounds.

It is suitable for classroom use by students with interests ranging from computer science and engineering to psychology and philosophy. Thagard's systematic descriptions and evaluations of the main theories of mental representation advanced by cognitive scientists allow students to see that there are many complementary approaches to the investigation of mind. The fundamental theoretical perspectives he describes include logic, rules, concepts, analogies, images, and connections artificial neural networks. The discussion of these theories provides an integrated view of the different achievements of the various fields of cognitive science.

This second edition includes substantial revision and new material. Part I, which presents the different theoretical approaches, has been updated in light of recent work the field. Part II, which treats extensions to cognitive science, has been thoroughly revised, with new chapters added on brains, emotions, and consciousness.

Other additions include a list of relevant Web sites at the end of each chapter and a glossary at the end of the book. As in the first edition, each chapter concludes with a summary and suggestions for further reading. Paperback , Second Edition , pages.

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Published February 4th by Bradford Book first published June 1st To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Mind , please sign up. Lists with This Book. View all 3 comments. Apr 07, Emily rated it really liked it. Sep 12, Alejandro Ramirez rated it it was amazing Shelves: Proposes these criteria for evaluating Theories of Mental Representation: The alternative hypothesis is that people perform deductions using the right half of the brain, as suggested by the mental models view that deduction requires regions of the brain that involve spatial reasoning.

Rules have very simple If-Then structure. Heuristic are rules of thumb that contribute to satisfactory solutions without considering all possibilities.

Mind: Introduction to Cognitive Science

In inductive generalization, rules are formed from examples; but rules can also be formed from other rules by a process that in the SOAR model is called chinking and in the ACT model is called composition. State Operator and Result. A computational theory of thinking. Another computational theory of thinking. The more a rule gets used successfully, the more likely is to be used in the future.

Language Chomsky continues to maintain that every human is born with an innate universal grammar. Contrary to his initial beliefs about children acquiring the ability to use language abductively by forming hypothesis about what rules to apply to their individual language , he currently holds that children learn a language automatically by merely recognizing which of a set of finite set of possibilities that language employs Chomsky Pg Consider the example of human face consisting of two eyes, a nose and a mouth.

Perhaps babies learn this concept from experience as they repeatedly encounter examples of faces. But there is experimental evidence that babies do not have to learn the typical structure of faces, but rather are born expecting faces to look a certain way. Metaphorical interpretation appears to be an obligatory process that accompanies literal processing, rather than an optional process that occurs after literal processing. Boroojerdi found that the left prefrontal cortex is involved in analogical reasoning by determining that magnetic stimulation of that part of the brain speeds up solution times for solving analogical problems.

This is consistent with recent findings that reasoning involving complex relations, which is crucial for analogical thinking, also involves the left prefrontal cortex Christoff Pg. The areas of the brain most immediately connected to the retina have a spatial organization that is structurally similar to that of the retina.

Since these areas preserve some of the spatial structure of objects presented to the retina I recall reading somewhere that exposure to say, a column, produces neural activity in an area with some shape of a column. Kosslyn review neurological studies of visual, auditory and motor imagery.

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Constrains can be satisfied in parallel by repeatedly passing activations among all the units iterations , until after some number of cycles of activity all units have reached stable activation levels. This process is called relaxation, by analogy to a physical process that involve objects gradually achieving a stable shape or temperature. Achieving stability is called settling.

Relaxing the network means adjusting the activation of all units based on the units to which they are connected until all units have stable high or low activations. To bypass the impossibly long times required for some iterations — propagations McClelland et al advocate complementary learning systems that use both a slow-learning component for semantic as well as a fast learning one for object names and other information. Bodies in the world. Lakoff and Johnson argue that human concepts are embodied in the sense that they are crucially shaped by our bodies and brains, specially by our sensory and motor systems.

For example, our concepts of color are shaped in part by two aspects of our bodies: Moreover, the basic concepts that we use to categorize the world are derived in part from the way that our visual and other sensory system detect the overall part-whole structure of the world. We can form visual images of elephant and chairs, but not of more abstract concepts such as animal and furniture. Bodies, the world, dynamic systems. Searle contents that is obvious that you are merely manipulating symbols you do not understand, so that a similarly a computer manipulating symbols is lacking in understanding.

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