PROFESSOR PRESSENSEE, MATERIALIST AND INVENTOR: A STORY (1878)

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View or edit your browsing history. Get to Know Us. Delivery and Returns see our delivery rates and policies thinking of returning an item? See our Returns Policy. Joseph Ayers, and Professor Wm. Williams, of whom all are now dead except the last two. The property which the incorporators bought contained seven acres, to which three acres were subsequently added Fifty Years of History.

The grounds, lying within the corporation at the western head of the principal cross street, were beautiful and romantic ; and the house on these grounds was large and commodious. The property was at once offered to the North Ohio Conference, and accepted by that body, with the right of perpetuation of the Board of Trustees. Subsequently, the Central Ohio Conference and the Ohio Conference became joint patrons of the school with equal rights.

In the course of the first year, the necessity for more room was felt, and a two-story wooden house with chapel and large recitation rooms was erected as a temporary relief. This served the purpose for a few years, but the continued growth of the school led, in , to larger plans. The southern wing of a building which was supposed to be large enough for the probable wants of the school was first erected ; then, after some years, the central block and the other wing. The means for all this expenditure were raised mostly through the labors of agents appointed by the patronizing Conferences.

Of these, the Rev. Joseph Ayers, at that time Presiding Elder of the Delaware District, was the first ; and a large part of the initial labor of founding the school was done by him.

These agents did not have an unreaped field in which to gather, as the University agents were also at work during the same years. But, by indefatigable effort, the means were gradually obtained, and the end was at last reached. Of the many who contributed to this cause, par- ticular mention must be made of Miss Mary Monnett, after- wards Mrs. Her timely help made the completion of the building certain and im- 52 Ohio Wesleyan University: The roof and the upper story were destroyed, and other parts deluged with water.

But the operations of the school were not suspended, and the parts burned were immediately replaced, better than before. The school was always self-supporting, and, for most of the time, the tuition and the boarding fees not only paid the Faculty, but yielded some revenue for the general purposes of the institution.

A scheme for an endowment by scholar- ships, similar to that of the University, was at one time attempted, but the attempt was soon abandoned, and no permanent fund was ever secured. In , certain ladies, mostly alumnse of the institution, organized themselves into an association to raise a fund for a college library.

But, in , Mr. Janes, who, in , had been the teacher of French and belles-lettres in the College. The balance of the loan, the Board had not repaid to the association when the union of the schools took place ; and, in view of the large University library which thus be- came accessible to the ladies, and the inability of the Board, the association forbore the formal collection of the.

Aside from these generous provisions of the alumnae and of Mr. Ingham, no movement was made for the internal wants of the school. The first President of the College was Prof. Faville was the first Preceptress. A number of other teachers were appointed in the academic and musical departments. The first term opened August 4th, , and the calendar was arranged to agree with that of the University. The enroll- ment the first year was , and the number of pupils attending each year afterwards generally largely exceeded , and sometimes reached In , President Faville's health compelled his resignation, and he removed to Iowa, of which State he was subsequently Lieutenant Governor, and Commissioner of Public Instruction.

He died in His successors were the Rev. Dean, who re- mained but a short time, and Rev. Burritt, who also resigned before the end of a year. The next President, and the last before the union of the two institutions, was William Rich- ardson, M. The classical course embraced studies largely the same, at first, as those in the University, except Greek.

This language, too, was finally included as optional, and upon the few who took the entire course the degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred. They have long had an alumnal organization, and the local gradu- ates have, for many years, maintained a literary association with monthly re-unions. One of the original articles of association, adopted in , reads as follows: If the Conference or Conferences patron- izing this College, and the Conferences patronizing the Ohio Wesleyan University, located in Delaware, Ohio, shall, at any future time, recommend the union of the two institu- tions, so far as the same can legally be effected, then the trustees of this College, on their part, shall proceed to take such steps as may be legal and necessary to accomplish this object.

But the times were not yet ripe for the desired result. It was not until a quarter of a century had passed that the friends of this movement felt themselves strong enough to act.

The trustees of the Female College were now almost unanimous in favor of the proposition, but the trustees ot the University yet hesitated. The committees on the sub- ject at first reported adversely ; and then asked the judg- ment of the Conferences in the premises. A vote in these bodies was obtained, either instructing the two boards to unite the schools, or, at least, referring it to their discretion. The Association of Alumni also voted in favor of the union, and sent a deputation to the University Board to urge the measure upon their favorable consideration.

At length, the pressure of sentiment outside convinced the most conserva- 56 Ohio Wesleyan University: Finally, in , the Board of the University unanimously adopted a resolution, that, if the trustees of the Female College should discontinue the academic work of that school, and transfer the property, free from debt, to the trustees of the University, they would accept the property, and open the University to ladies, and would establish a special course of study of high order for ladies, with appropriate degrees for the completion of the course.

They voted further, that, in case of the discontinuance of the Female College, the Uni- versity, under this arrangement, would adopt the alumnae of that institution on such terms as might be found desir- able. The trustees of the Female College at once accepted this proposition, and conveyed to the University the school and all the property in their possession. There were other gains. The union of the schools removed a distract- ing question from the councils of the University and the Church, put this large and influential school abreast of the sentiment and progress of the age, and concentrated upon itself the interest and the benefactions which had been diverted to another institution, or altogether lost between the conflicting claims of the two rival schools.

Eighteen years of experience have more and more con- firmed the wisdom of this action. The distance of Monnett Fifty Years of History. These meet, according to circumstances, in one locality or the other, but all the classes in which ladies largely outnumber the gentle- men are taught, when possible, at Monnett Hall. Separate daily chapel exercises were held at the latter place for a while, for the accommodation of the inmates ; but this arrangement was not long continued. Better walks, and the establishment of street railways, make the going to and from rapid and easy.

But all these things are matters of de- tail, and at most occasion a little trouble to the Faculty or the students. The advantages from the union of the schools and from co-education of the sexes are so manifest and so great, that, in summing up the result, minor inconveniences can be patiently adjusted or quietly ignored. Professor Whitlock has admirably expressed the general conclusions that educators have now reached on the subject of co-education.

The association of the sexes in collegiate work is mutually inspiring, stimulat- ing and helpful. Better habits of preparation result, a higher grade of mental discipline, and broader views and sympathies. There is mutual recognition of ability, and a generous rivalry ; and there is a largeness about the whole system that is itself educative. It is the family system. It is not an interruption of relations between men and women that are common in all other periods of life ; it is the pres- ervation in the school of the divine pattern. Results prove that while it does away with false modesty, it does not lessen true womanly delicacy ; that university educated girls make the most modest, cultured, and womanly wives and mothers.

It takes the simpering out of girls and the rudeness out of men. Young people do not learn to avoid moral dangers until they know where they lie ; and this they best learn under a system of instruction that ac- quaints the sexes with the true character and ability of each. Constant asso- ciation tends to lessen, rather than to create intimacies, ex- cept when they are founded on mutual esteem, intellectual and aesthetic tastes. This freedom, even admitting occa- sional social entanglements, compares in its results most favorably with life out of college, and with the follies and frivolities from which separate education is not exempt.

Marriages resulting from college friendships are far more likely to be happy than the average marriages in the world, where the attraction has not so good a foundation. Mutual tastes, aims, purposes ; common habits of life and thought ; and a common pursuit of truth under helpful and inspiring influences, make a broad and safe basis for the truest and best life unions. Statistics covering a thousand cases show that the health of college women has the advantage over that of working girls, and also over that of women in the average walks of life.

All thought of physical inability may be thrown to the winds, and women may march un- hindered along-side of their brothers. There is now no doubt that, from the merely material standpoint, the union has been a great help to the Univer- sity. The attendance of five hundred ladies annually for the last five years, and the enlarged facilities at Monnett Hall, have been large factors in the reputation and growth of the University. But the union of the two institutions has exerted a reflex beneficial influence on the development of the Ladies' De- partment. The expensive tuition fees were at once can- celled, as all the ladies were admitted to the University on scholarships.

The attendance of ladies rapidly grew to three times what it was the year before the union was con- summated. In , the number of ladies was ; for the last five years it has ranged from to This number was far beyond what the founders of the Female College ex- pected, in their most sanguine hopes ; and the College build- ing which they planned and completed according to their expectations could not have accommodated Tialf the present number. In , the trustees ordered the enlargement of the building to twice its former size.

The additions cost over fifty thousand dollars. The building as it now stands is two hundred feet long, one hundred feet wide, and four stories in height. This large building has ample room for the accommodation of two hundred and fifty ladies, giving each a separate room or suite of rooms. The upper floors are accessible by several wide stairways, and by an elevator. The building contains an assembly hall or chapel, reception rooms, parlors, library and reading room well supplied with books and periodicals, 6o Ohio Wesley an University: Young ladies residing in the Monnett Hall have the counsel and care of experienced and cultivated teachers, and are subject only to the restrictions essential to good habits of study, health and behavior.

Monnett Hall has a healthful location, and the sanitary conditions are the best. But a separate hospital is provided on the same campus for cases of sickness, and the patients have the best medical service and skillful nursing.

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During the eighteen years since the union of the two schools, but a single death has occurred at the Hall. The piano rooms for practice are in a separate building a short distance from the main hall. But the Assembly Hall also is provided with grand pianos, and numerous concerts and recitals are given there by noted artists, teachers, and pupils, which all the ladies in the building have the privilege of attending.

The University is under the auspices of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; but it is not sectarian in its teachings. It aims to be evangelical, yet liberal ; and has always had a fair patronage from other Protestant Churches, and even from the Catholic Church. Of late years, we have had among our students, representatives of nations and ethnic religions outside of Christendom, mostly from China and Japan.

The religious influence of the college life here has always been constant and controlling. Devotional exercises, conducted by the members of the Faculty, are held in the chapel each day ; and a sermon or lecture at appointed times on the Sabbath. For many years this was a weekly appointment, under the charge of the President ; during recent years, it Fifty Years of History, 6i has been monthly. Attendance upon these college services, and npon some church service on the Sabbath, is obligatory. Weekly meetings for prayer are maintained by each class separately, and two weekly meetings held in the hall of the Young Men's Christian Association, for all students in com- mon who choose to attend.

The proportion of religious students in the college classes increases with the advance- ment of the class ; and few students pass through the col- lege course without becoming hopefully pious. More than once, the University has graduated large classes in which every member was religious ; and in every class graduated, the majority have been members of some church, a large proportion of whom became so through their connection with the University.

The religious zeal of the students led to the establishment in the University, and the successful working, for a long time, of a Missionary Lyceum. This organization was after- wards merged into the Young Men's Christian Association ; but the missionary zeal continues to burn here, as of yore. From this association, and largely through influences there begotten, a goodly number of the graduates have been led to devote themselves to the foreign missionary work. For some years the students of the University have supported one of our graduate missionaries in India.

Of the young men preparing for the ministry, those who are licentiates are faithful and useful in evangelical work in the churches of the city and of the neighboring cities and country. Many have regular pastoral charges, and are able thus to support themselves in college, and at the same time accomplish a great deal of good in the communities where they preach.

The Young Woman's Christian Association was organized in These associations have displayed large zeal and enterprise in their work ; and their meetings are well attended.

The Young Men's Hall is in the new Uni- versity building, has a capacity for five hundred sittings, is finely carpeted and well furnished. This association is thoroughly organized for Christian effort. Its committees cover all forms of religious work among their fellows ; and no student, especially no new student, is left unapproached and unhelped.

The association publishes hand-books of information and advice, and meets every new student with offers of aid and encouragement. The marked religious trend of the University is greatly promoted and sustained by their faithful effort. Of these, the young preachers, and others who expect to become such, have an active and enthusiastic Homiletic Club, for their personal or professional profit. Before this club, many ad- mirable and suggestive addresses and lectures have been de- livered by invited speakers, either local or from abroad.

The young ladies at Monnett Hall have long been organ- ized into "Tens," for some form of benevolent work. These groups, under the conscientious training and wise guidance of the teachers at Monnett, have accomplished a large amount of silent but effective work within the institution, or for needy interests outside.

The aim of the University has been to secure thorough- ness.

Professor Pressensee, Materialist and Inventor: A Story (1878) by John Esten Cooke - Hardcover

Its demands upon the students are quite as great as in other colleges ; and no one graduates who has not faith- fully tried to acquire both knowledge and discipline. The result is that its graduates take high rank in the professions and business employments. The graduates now count almost twenty-two hundred.

They are found in nearly all the States of the Union and in all quarters of the globe. Professor Nelson, in a paper following this, gives some statistics of the alumni, and a study of the results of fifty years' history of their lives, and of their work in the world. It is a record of which the University, and its thousands of friends, may well be proud. The discipline here exercised has, at all times, appealed to the confidence and the moral sense of the students. The general results have been satisfactory, and the relations of the Faculty and the students have been of the most pleasant kind.

Of course, in so large a body of young persons, promiscuously gathered, it must needs be that offenses come. Some are disposed to evil ; others are incapable of reflection. These are the small minority, but they furnish nearly all the cases for special discipline. Ac- cordingly, there has been no instance, in the history of the institution, of a general insubordination, and only few and limited instances of combinations to resist authority.

Most of the Faculty keep a daily record of the work of the students that recite to them. This marking is on a scale ranging from zero to ten, 6. Others of the Faculty, from the peculiarity of their work, rely mainly on the general impression made by the student, and upon special examinations, at intervals, or at the end of the term. The term grades are reported to the registrar, and entered in the University record book. It is from the aggregate of these marks that the final standing of the stu- dent is ascertained, and his title determined to a place on the Commencement programme.

The method of regulating the Commencement exercises has, from time to time, been a matter of solicitude and ex- periment with the Faculty. At first, and for many years, all the members of the graduating class were assigned to places on the programme. After a while the programme became long enough to occupy two sessions, morning and afternoon, or even two successive days.

But, at last, the senior class grew too large for this arrangement ; and some years ago it was decided that the number of participants in the Com- mencement exercises should be limited to fifteen. The selection is determined by the Faculty upon the equitable basis of the students' grades for the entire college course. The programme for Commencement exercises is arranged in alphabetic order, and in reverse order, on alternate years.

Much importance has always been placed on our system of term and annual examinations. These were once largely oral ; and the Faculty gave special invitations to literary and professional gentlemen to witness and participate in the examinations. To this end, they early invited the Confer- ences to send special committees of examiners ; but since , the committees of visitors from the Conferences pro- vided for by the University charter have been charged with the function of examination as well as of visitation.

The 66 Ohio Wesley an University: At the organization of the University, there was but one course of study adopted, substantially the same as had ob- tained for generations in the usages of colleges. Its basis was the classic languages. The study of Greek and Latin occupied most of the time in the preparatory classes, half of the time in the freshman and sophomore years, and one- third of the time for the last two years of the course.

And this general arrangement continued with gradual modifica- tions, till the year This, which was called the " class- ical course," or the " regular course," was the only one for which a degree was conferred. Two or three briefer courses, covering about three years' study, had, for a while, been in- stituted, and commended to such students as could not liope to complete the regular course.

These were called the Scientific, the Biblical, and the Normal courses ; but to those who completed them, only a certificate of proficiency was given, and their names do not appear in the alumni cata- logue as " graduates. The literary world will be slow to admit that the broadest culture can be attained without an ac- quaintance with the classics. The classic tongues of Greece and Rome must ever continue the basis of all liberal learn- ing ; yet, in the presence of other important, though not more " practical," studies, the classics have ceased to be the sole condition of college honors.

The marvellous advance in the methods of investigating the facts of the physical Fifty Years of History. These new sciences have taken their recognized and equal place beside the old ; and have opened up new, attractive, and profitable lines of study siiitable for collegiate work.

The old educational form and direction are changed ; but the educational result is the same. The new ways are good, but they are not better than the old ; they are simply dif- ferent, and offer a choice in studies. With them, the college can offer more subjects of knowledge, more and various avenues to learning, and culture, and practical fitting for life's occupations ; but it can train no better than before. The old methods and the old subjects of study made as good scholars, and as able men, as any of the later day. The claim of the later education is, that it offers a variety adapted to different tastes or inclinations, that it fits men for immediate entrance upon the several employments of life, and that by this wider range it makes men more versatile and capable, " with armor on the right hand and on the left.

For this "scientific" course, distinctive degrees have been provided. In , such a course was first established in this University. It threw out the Greek language entirely, but required three years of Latin, and the study of one modern language. In addition to this concession to the hew views, there was also allowed a certain amount of election in the studies of the classical course, in the sophomore and the junior years, in favor of modern languages, or additional scientific studies.

This was a safe compromise ; and allowed 68 Ohio Wesleyan University: The de- grees given in the classical course are Bachelor of Arts, and Master of Arts ; in the scientific course. Bachelor and Master of Science. Both the above courses are now open to ladies ; and some ladies are found in each of them ; but, since the union of the schools, another course, for ladies especially, has been established, to meet the taste and wants of such as seek a thorough and liberal culture, yet do not desire to take the classical or the scientific course.

It covers the same time as these, but differs from them mainly in substituting for the Greek of the classical course, and the more extended mathematics and sciences of the scientific course, a thorough course in music, painting, drawing, and art criticism. Upon the graduates in this course is conferred the degree of Bachelor of Literature. The limited endowment of the University has hitherto prevented the establishment of the presumptive University schools of Theology, Law, Medicine, and Technology. These will come in the course of time, and the charter of the University was specifically amended years ago 1 , so as to permit the location of our professional schools at any desirable point in the State, if not in Delaware.

Yet some- thing pointing in these directions has already been accom- plished. The regular sub-graduate courses of study in the University have been so constructed as to offer a fair intro- duction to the work in the Biblical seminaries, and in the Medical and Law colleges. This work done here on the basis of academical study, amounts to at least one year's work in these several professional courses. Our graduates who have taken this course here can- readily enter the second year in the leading Theological seminaries.

The establishment of a Theological department especially has always been contem- plated as an integral part of a University organization ; and the matter has often been agitated in the councils of the University, or the wishes of its friends. The way to it has not yet opened ; but in , the Board of Trustees voted that when four full professorships in Theology shall be en- dowed, the Board will establish these chairs, and organize the University School of Theology.

Similar facilities are furnished students preparing for Medicine or Law. The college courses in Chemistry, Physiology, Histology and Hygiene, are equal to at least one year's study in these sub- jects in medical colleges ; and the course in Law, though not very extended, is an excellent preparation for the work in the Law schools. In the way of Technological instruction, the University has now well organized courses, and thor- oughly equipped laboratories in Analytical, Biological, Histo- logical, and Physical investigation and experimentation.

The University has always wished to keep its educational hold and influence over the students who have won its first honors, and promote them to the higher academic honors on the basis of further and proper studies. Then, with more conservative action, it gave the second degree to those graduates only who made application for it, accompanied with evidence of continued literary or professional work of any kind.

In this intent, the University has established courses of post- graduate work, with large elective latitude, leading to the degrees of Master, and of Doctor of Philosophy. For the former degree is required one year of continuous study, or its equivalent for a longer time ; and for the latter, three years of continuous study.

These courses, and the examina- tions and theses required, are such as best test the candi- date's powers of application, and acquisition, and mastery of the subjects. In the line of this action, both the trustees and the Faculty are considering the policy of abandoning all honorary de- grees ; and of conferring even the degree of Doctor of Divinity, and of Doctor of Laws unless in very exceptional instances , only for prescribed work done, or its substantial equivalent.

The Normal Department has been revived, and a fair course of study, extending through three years, has been prescribed, adapted especially to those who would fit them- selves for teaching in the common schools. It is the hope of the University to make this course both attractive and useful to this large class of youth. A professional certificate, but no degree, is given to those who complete this course.

In , Professor Grove, with the approval of the Faculty, organized a battalion for elementary instruction in military science. This organization was kept up for a number of years as a voluntary work on the part of instructor and students, but received no credit in the ranking of the stu- dents. The arms and other equipments were furnished by the State. The work in this department is now elective for three hours a week, and is open to all students, and it Fifty Years of History.

The instruc- tion given is that of the United States Infantry and Artil- lery and Signal Corps ; and the arms and accoutrements are furnished free by the War Department. The cadets wear a uniform of gray cloth, and present a very becoming appear- ance. The Faculty of the University recognize the value of military drill in its beneficial effects upon the general health of the students and in their improved bearing, in inculcating habits of neatness, obedience, and promptness, and in stimu- lating a spirit of patriotism.

Much attention has always been given in the University to the study and practice of elocution ; and the results are seen in the successes which have marked the elocutionary exercises of the students, their oratorical contests at home, and in competition with other colleges; and in the reputation of our graduates in public professional life.

From time to time different methods have been followed and excellent in- structors engaged for imparting instruction in this necessary art. As early as , definite arrangements were made with Professors Trueblood and Fulton for one term's instruc- tion each year. This was foimd profitable; but owing to the brevity of the work, it was not fully satisfactory.

Fulton, securing his services much of the year.

In , with the approval of the Board, the School of Oratory was separately incorporated, more thoroughly organized, and a fuller course of instruction marked out. This course prescribes continuous instruction for several years ; and the degree of Graduate in Oratory is given to candidates who complete it, if they have also attained at least senior rank in one of the college courses. The University has also established, as the occasions have 72 Ohio Wesleyan University: The first of them has developed into large proportions ; and the Conservatory of Music is well organized and suc- cessful.

It is under the direction of an experienced and skillful director, assisted by a competent corps of instructors. There are facilities for training in all the lines of music, vocal and instrumental. In furtherance of this art, the in- structors and students have organized the Euterpean Music- al Union, with a hundred and thirty members, singers and performers. This society has been remarkably enthusiastic, and has supplied itself with various instruments and a good library of music ; and has held some concerts of the highest order, both in Delaware and elsewhere.

By these efforts it has contributed more than two thousand dollars towards the cost of the great organ in Gray Chapel. The Department of Art is well organized, and instruction is given by skilled teachers in all the lines of drawing, painting, carving and decorative art. No degrees are conferred in these departments, but to students who have completed the course, certificates of pro- ficiency are given on Commencement day, with the graduat- ing classes.

A well-regulated course of physical culture has been marked out for the ladies, especially those at Monnett Hall, and placed in the charge of an intelligent and skillful in- structor. The University has always maintained a Preparatory De- partment, and will probably need to maintain one for another fifty years to come.

When the University began its work, there were almost no classical academies in Ohio, and few high schools in the cities, in which the classics, and German Fifty Years of History. The University was compelled to organize a Preparatory Department for instruction in the elements of the Latin and Greek languages. We should otherwise have had no students in the " college classes. There are some classic academies in Ohio, that serve partly as feeders to the University ; and most of the high schools in the cities and large towns teach Latin, and some of them Greek ; but while they furnish us some good scholars for advanced standing, most of our college students are still made in our own school.

The proportion of college students in our an- nual attendance has gradually increased, from about twenty per cent, of the whole, until now, for some years past, it has been about fifty per cent, of the whole number. The prepar- atory course embraces three years of study, and is the same in substance and in thoroughness as that adopted as a con- dition of entrance in the best colleges of the country. The table given further on shows that the catalogue en- rollment of students of the University for the first year was but I lo ; from which number the attendance gradually in- creased to in The next year showed names, nearly double the previous number on the University books.

This sudden increase was due to the system of cheap schol- arships that year put into successful operation by the Board of Trustees. Of these, as we have seen, nearly four thousand were sold, and thus both the endowment of the University was largely increased and the circle of its patronage and use- fulness greatly widened. The movement at once called at- tention to the University.

Cooke, John Esten

Many hundred parents were led to seek a higher education for their sons than they had be- 74 Ohio Wesley an University: These scholarships and others of later date are still held by thousands of families ; and have always been an incentive to large numbers to seek an education in the University. The result is, that the attendance since has always been large. At no time, not even during the dark days of the Rebellion, or of the financial collapse after- ward, has the enrollment gone as low as before the inaugu- ration of the scholarship system.

Only once, in , the dark year of the war, has the aggregate fallen as low as ; and up to the union of the two schools it usually exceeded After that event, the enrollment sprang at once to more than ; and in two years went up to a thousand. For the last six years it has averaged about 1, The iDooks of the University, including partly a conservative es- timate of the attendance, show that it has matriculated, from first to last, more than fifteen thousand students, not includ- ing the ladies enrolled in the Female College, Of these, nearly 2,, a little more than one-seventh, have remained to graduation.

In these Western States, the channels of business are so wide and inviting that it is diffi- cult to induce students to stay for a degree. To this must be added the consideration that a very large number of the matriculants are poor, and are under the necessity of earning the means of support in college by manual labor or by teach- ing.

It demands an extraordinary strength of character and zeal for learning, for persons, already competent to the active duties of life, to remain in school from four to seven years. Yet, of those who have gone out under graduation, a large number took advanced courses of considerable extent. The 76 Ohio Wesleyan University: It has already been stated that, while the tuition fees were fixed at the low rate of thirty dollars a year, yet, after the first few years, all the students have been on scholarships, and have paid no tuition fees for the required academic studies. But small fees have been charged for the elective Art studies Music and Painting , Elocution, Laboratory work, and Commercial instruction.

It is a matter of just pride to the University that it puts an education within the reach of every worthy person ; and the Ohio Wesleyan has never turned any student from her doors because he was unable to pay for the instruction that he desired. The only charge to the students is a small fee towards meeting the incidental expenses of the institu- tion, for repair and care of buildings, fuel, light, water, jani- tors, insurance, printing, etc.

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Even this fee was for many years only nominal, and has never met the expenditures. It is now ten dollars a term ; but a great many beneficiaries, students preparing for the ministry, sons and daughters of ministers, and special cases, have a reduction of one-half of this amount. With a large number of persons, the question" of personal Fifty Years of History. For- tunately the condition of things here favors young people who need to practice economy. The cost of living was at first very moderate ; and competition has kept the cost of boarding in private families within reasonable limits. Be- sides, a large number of the students, for economy's sake, have boarded themselves, or imited in students' clubs.

For- tunately, the moral and intellectual surroundings here have prevented any social ostracism. Wealth and extravagance do not give position in this school. Here, as well as else- where, it has been found that cheap living and high think- ing may go together. It has not been the policy of the school to have a system of "College Commons.

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