Life - From L to M

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In more complex organisms, coordination of activities can occur through a dedicated nervous system. Though life is confirmed only on Earth, many think that extraterrestrial life is not only plausible, but probable or inevitable. Other locations within the Solar System that may host microbial life include the subsurface of Mars , the upper atmosphere of Venus , [] and subsurface oceans on some of the moons of the giant planets. The inner and outer radii of this zone vary with the luminosity of the star, as does the time interval during which the zone survives.

Stars more massive than the Sun have a larger habitable zone, but remain on the Sun-like "main sequence" of stellar evolution for a shorter time interval. Small red dwarfs have the opposite problem, with a smaller habitable zone that is subject to higher levels of magnetic activity and the effects of tidal locking from close orbits. Hence, stars in the intermediate mass range such as the Sun may have a greater likelihood for Earth-like life to develop.

Stars in regions with a greater abundance of heavier elements that can form planets, in combination with a low rate of potentially habitat -damaging supernova events, are predicted to have a higher probability of hosting planets with complex life. As a result, the number of civilizations in the galaxy can be estimated as low as 9.

Artificial life is the simulation of any aspect of life, as through computers, robotics , or biochemistry. Scientists study the logic of living systems by creating artificial environments—seeking to understand the complex information processing that defines such systems. Synthetic biology is a new area of biotechnology that combines science and biological engineering. The common goal is the design and construction of new biological functions and systems not found in nature. Synthetic biology includes the broad redefinition and expansion of biotechnology , with the ultimate goals of being able to design and build engineered biological systems that process information, manipulate chemicals, fabricate materials and structures, produce energy, provide food, and maintain and enhance human health and the environment.

Death is the permanent termination of all vital functions or life processes in an organism or cell. After death, the remains of an organism re-enter the biogeochemical cycle. Organisms may be consumed by a predator or a scavenger and leftover organic material may then be further decomposed by detritivores , organisms that recycle detritus , returning it to the environment for reuse in the food chain. One of the challenges in defining death is in distinguishing it from life.

Death would seem to refer to either the moment life ends, or when the state that follows life begins. This is problematic, however, because there is little consensus over how to define life. The nature of death has for millennia been a central concern of the world's religious traditions and of philosophical inquiry. Many religions maintain faith in either a kind of afterlife or reincarnation for the soul , or resurrection of the body at a later date.

Extinction is the process by which a group of taxa or species dies out, reducing biodiversity. Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively after a period of apparent absence. Species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing habitat or against superior competition.

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past. The totality of fossils, both discovered and undiscovered, and their placement in fossil-containing rock formations and sedimentary layers strata is known as the fossil record. A preserved specimen is called a fossil if it is older than the arbitrary date of 10, years ago. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Life disambiguation. For "Life" in the personal sense, see Personal life and Everyday life.

For technical reasons , "Life 9" redirects here. Plant growth in the Hoh Rainforest. Herds of zebra and impala gathering on the Maasai Mara plain. Human timeline and Nature timeline. This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. Extraterrestrial life , Astrobiology , and Astroecology. Artificial life and Synthetic biology. Biology , the study of life Astrobiology Biosignature Evolutionary history of life Lists of organisms by population Phylogenetics Viable System Theory. Therefore, this classification may be paraphyletic because cellular life might have evolved from non-cellular life, or polyphyletic because the most recent common ancestor might not be included.

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Supplemental Content

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Retrieved 10 June Curr Opin Cell Biol. Facts on File science library. In , Jackson married actress and sports channel producer LaTanya Richardson , [] whom he met while attending Morehouse College. I dig watching myself work. Jackson is bald but enjoys wearing wigs in his films.

You know, when I started losing my hair it was during the era when everybody had lots of hair. All of a sudden I felt this big hole in the middle of my afro, I couldn't face having a comb over so I had to quickly figure what the haircut for me was. He joked that "the only way I'm gonna have time to grow my hair back is if I'm not working". Jackson has a clause in his film contracts that allows him to play golf during film shoots. I am a child of segregation. When I grew up and people told me I could be president, I knew it was a lie.

But now we have a representative Anyone can grow up to be a president. That's why other folks vote for other people — because they look like them". In June , Jackson launched a joint campaign with the charity Prizeo in an effort to raise money to fight Alzheimer's disease. As part of the campaign, he recited various fan-written monologues and a popular scene from the AMC series Breaking Bad. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Samuel Jackson disambiguation.

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Samuel L. Jackson

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Archived from the original on February 7, Retrieved January 3, Archived from the original on September 18, Out of Lee's 'Jungle,' Into the Limelight".

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