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But he showed remarkable insight into the nature of matter and its interactions.
Some of his ideas could not be verified or refuted experimentally at the time. They were based on the limited experimental observations of his day. Try to work the illustrative examples that your professor solved in class, without looking at the solutions in your notes. If you must look at the solutions, look at only one line step , and then try to figure out the next step.
Read the assigned material again and take notes, integrating these with your class notes. Reading should be much more informative the second time. Review the Key Terms at the end of the chapter to be sure that you understand the meaning of each term. Work the illustrative examples in the text while covering the solutions with a sheet of paper.
Theories have been evolved to explain experimental observations facts. Successful theories explain observations fully and accurately. More important, they enable us to predict the results of experiments that have not yet been performed. As a matter of fact, electron transfer through a single molecule can be such challenging problem that new theories are often appearing, incorporating for instance their internal energy levels, coulomb blockade effects and more effective models capable of dealing with the molecular-electrode interface.
On the other hand, it is far from easy to put a single molecule between two electrodes separated by a nanometric distance. Such process can be rather tedious and irreproducible. So, how long would it take to scale up the production, to make one million of such devices?
Certainly, another approach will be necessary to assemble molecular devices. In fact, Nature has learned that the molecules can be guided using their natural chemical affinity to form self-organized systems, and to find their complementary partners in molecular recognition processes, giving rise to self-assembled and self-replicating structures.
In principle, Chemistry can do even more than this, since it is not limited by the use of naturally occurring molecules. There is also a new concept to be exploited.
Describe the connection issue. Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. The relative numbers and kinds of atoms are constant in a given compound. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. This booklet discusses the staining process for histones, which has a excessive measure of selectivity for uncomplicated proteins and the original skill to imagine qualitative ameliorations by way of colour alterations.
Different molecules can be assembled into organized entities in which the several components are able to act synergistically, performing beyond their own individual limits. Nowadays, it is considered the best route for Molecular Nanotechnology. Indeed, new strategies are evolving based on Supramolecular Chemistry, leading to intelligent drugs and materials, as well as to the development of advanced sensors, energy conversion and electronic devices.
In the same way, Chemistry, through the molecular design of materials, is converting the classical metal-oxides, polymers and metals into new, exciting nanostructured materials, nanowires and colorful nanoparticles, exhibiting very interesting properties.
Hybrid organic-inorganic nanocomposites are already invading the automobile and plastic industry, improving the mechanical and barrier performance of the components and materials. Carbon and semiconductor nanotubes are being exploited as nanotransistors, nanowires and nanoLEDs. Similarly, new catalysts bearing nanostructured channels and highly active sites are being developed, aiming a better selectivity and efficiency.
New drugs, anchored on nanoparticles, intercalated into nanolayered materials or encapsulated into nanospheres, dendrimers or nanosomes are being used in medicine and cosmetics. New therapies and imaging processes are being associated with magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots.
Nowadays, Nanotechnology is part of the strategic plans of all leading countries, because of its increasing impact as the last wave of technological innovation, capable of injecting trillion of dollars in the World economy, in the next decade. Nanotechnology centers are flourishing in those countries, stimulating and attracting venture capitals, while creating new jobs and opportunities. In Brazil, the public investment in nanotechnology can exhibit impressive numbers, if one take into account the existence of the National Laboratory of Syncroton Radiation and four National Networks in molecular nanotechnology and interfaces RENAMI , semiconductors and nanomaterials, and in nanobiology.
In addition, there are three Millennium Institutes devoted to nanosciences and technology; and the parallel support from some state research foundation agencies, such as FAPESP , to research proposals dealing with the nanoscale.
As it is happening all over the World, a National Program on Nanotechnology is also under discussion by the Brazilian Government, and the attention of the scientific societies are start moving in this direction. Finally, Chemistry is having a unique opportunity to launch into Molecular Nanotechnology on a very competitive basis.