Red Claw

---

She attacks and almost kills Catwoman, but is herself attacked and pinned down by a mountain lion. In the series finale, Red Claw resurfaces to abduct Alfred Pennyworth and his former MI-6 colleague, Frederick, to her lair in Castle Blairquhan in Western Scotland, as they are the only two surviving former British Secret Service members who know the code to launching a nuclear missile that she plans to use to hold London ransom for five billion pounds.

Through a truth serum, she finally learns the code and issues London a warning; they refuse, and she starts the countdown just as Batman and Robin arrive. A gunfight ensues and the heroes fight their way out, but Red Claw hides in the Batwing as Batman pilots it to destroy the missile before it hits London.

Redclaw crayfish industry struggles to meet booming demand, but dry conditions make it hard

She attacks Batman from behind, removing his mask in the process, until Batman ejects her seat and sends her plunging into the River Thames. Whether she drowns or is captured is unknown. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. Learn how and when to remove these template messages. The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline.

Please help to establish notability by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged , redirected , or deleted. This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. May Learn how and when to remove this template message.

Similarly, juvenile redclaw, which have slightly different feeding habits to the adults, cannot be cultured successfully in tanks because appropriate food cannot be provided. As a result, the juvenile redclaw become cannibalistic, leaving very few survivors. The level of production likely from redclaw culture in tanks would return considerably less than the operating costs, and certainly far less than the setup costs. Efforts to develop successful commercial tank systems for the cultivation of freshwater crayfish have a considerable history.

Both in Australia and overseas, years of work have been applied to this approach, and yet the only commercially viable operations for redclaw are earthen pond based. There exists no confirmed or documented case of commercial success for crayfish production in a tank system. Commercial crayfish pellets are available in some countries, although in many cases pellets formulated for other species are used.

Use of a feeding schedule is critical. Suitable alternatives to crayfish pellets include freshwater prawn Macrobrachium or fish pellets. Harvesting may involve a number of methods, although the most effective is the use of a flow-trap; this exploits the strong response of redclaws to flowing water. A slow but steady flow of water into the pond via a box and ramp illicit movement of crayfish against the flow and into the box. Flow-trapping should involve 95 percent drainage of the pond over 24 hours from dawn to dawn.

There should be several thousand litres of water remaining in the deepest part of the pond at dawn, when the redclaw are removed. This slow drainage enables the crayfish to move out of shelters and with the main body of water, so that they concentrate and respond most effectively to the flow trap. Both the flow trap and the last remaining water must be well aerated or the entire harvest may easily be lost. The stock should be quickly removed and transported to clean water in a tank system. Care should be taken to minimise crushing by not exceeding 15 kg of stock per transport container typically a 60 x 40 x 40 cm fish basket.

Other harvesting methods include bait trapping and drain harvesting with manual collection of stock. The majority of redclaw are sold live; thus after harvesting stock they are held in tanks with flow-through water supply or a recirculation system involving biological filtration. A period of at least 24 hours in the tank to permit purging of the gut is recommended prior to packing for transport. Redclaw can survive extended periods out of water provided they are kept cool and moist.

Packing therefore involves insulated containers containing some moist packing material foam rubber or wood shavings and cooling packs. A redclaw aquaculture economic model has been developed with data gathered from commercial farms. The financial evaluation uses a discounted cash flow technique over a 20 year period.

The model farm was assumed to annually harvest kg of redclaw per grow-out pond from year two onwards. Redclaw were estimated to take nine months to reach the acceptable market size of 65 g mean weight. Included in this cost were land, hired labour, machinery and all farm infrastructure costs. The discounted payback period, which represents the time to recover the initial outlay, was four years. Grow-out periods may vary between 6 months and 15 months depending on the redclaw market weight the grower intends selling.

Redclaw market weights and prices were assumed to increase with longer turnoff periods.

Powers and Abilities

Based on a sensitivity analysis which compared various grow-out periods, the most profitable option was 9 months and the least profitable was 12 months. The results from this analysis were very sensitive to prices, survival rates and market weights. Survival rates and market weights are strongly correlated to farm management expertise. Results from established farms applying best practice techniques confirm that the economics of the model are a true and accurate representation of commercial redclaw aquaculture.

Several potentially disease causing organisms, including protozoans, bacteria and viruses, have been identified in redclaw. All have been implicated at one time or another in some mortality or poor production from specific farms, although there has never been any documented widespread outbreak of disease. Farmers are well aware that careful quarantining and good health monitoring and management will minimise the risk of disease.

By maintaining good culture conditions that maximise survival and growth, crayfish stress is managed and the threat of disease minimised. The smaller grades are commonly used in buffet style presentations, with the larger animals featuring in a-la-carte restaurants, both as entree and main course dishes.

In Australia, export opportunities have been identified through considerable market research. However, sales to date have been limited by the small production volume and therefore the risk of inconsistent supply. At present 60 percent of redclaw are sold within Queensland and 10 percent sold interstate; the remaining 30 percent exported, primarily to Hong Kong.

Production in other countries tends to be marketed locally. There are three steps in the marketing chain; producer, wholesaler and restaurateur. There are effectively no retail sales of the raw product. While selling direct to restaurants may result in slightly higher prices, the practice can have a limiting effect on market growth.

A good wholesaler can increase the market penetration of redclaw by cross-selling while servicing customers from their existing product lists. Farm-gate sales are substantial; however, the volumes are likely to decrease as more coordinated marketing through wholesalers develops. Wholesalers tend to price redclaw lower than marine lobsters but higher than shrimp. Generally they are marketed alongside slipper lobsters, small spiny lobsters or small clawed marine lobsters.

A clear marketing attribute for Australian redclaw is its reputation as a product from clean water, free of medical or chemical additives. Redclaw are mainly sold as a live product, although some processing, particularly cooking and freezing is undertaken. Fresh redclaw have a lustrous shell, deep blue to green in colour. Cooked, they have the bright red appearance typical of premium crustaceans. A comprehensive research and development programme was operated between and by the Queensland Government from a research station at Walkamin.

This covered aspects of preliminary assessment, development of production technology, demonstration farms and selective breeding. However, while research continues to provide useful information, particularly in regard to nutrition and reproduction, it is not a lack of knowledge that is limiting industry development. Despite all its positive attributes, the reasons for the lack of redclaw farming expansion remain uncertain.

Clearly, market demand for such crustaceans remains strong throughout the world, and freshwater production is generally less exposed to the conflicting resource use issues that face marine aquaculture. Profitability, based on Australian farm modelling, appears to be strong. In Australia the regulatory environment is clearly an obstacle, and the risk of environmental permits not being issued retards investment. Furthermore, the initial apparent success of many small farms that were in fact not of an economically viable scale has resulted in a stagnant industry that is not attractive to new investment.

In other countries, redclaw farming has similarly failed to gain momentum. In many cases the species has been translocated to regions where the climate is simply not suited, such as the USA, where cool winters are not conducive to profitable production. This applies equally to many other countries with sub-tropical environments. Redclaw is a tropical species and thus its farming can only be commercially viable in locations with a tropical climate.

Redclaw farming appeared well suited to Ecuador where development grew quickly from through , and then promptly collapsed.

The reason was purported to be low market price, and therefore lack of profitability. There have been enough documented cases of high productivity to verify the production capacity of this species. Similarly, market research suggests that acceptable farm-gate prices can be achieved for large volumes that would sustain a viable business.

The missing elements appear to be investment in farms of appropriate scale and site selection in tropical locations where the climate will support premium growth.

If these criteria are met, redclaw farming may be established and provide a foundation for substantial growth. Redclaw farming faces several marketing challenges.

Newcomers to industry needed

Typical of most new industries, very little promotion has been undertaken, thus consumer awareness internationally is relatively low. In Australia the industry is composed of a high number of small enterprises making the marketing quite fragmented. Localised marketing groups consisting of several cooperative growers with common purpose have been trialled with limited success.

However, the resort was built over an underground fallout shelter; using acid as a method of time delay, she activated the chemicals, intending to kill the captive Batman and Catwoman. The two broke free, and while Catwoman escaped the facility,. Batman destroyed the plague and, incidentally, the building.

Though her operation was lost, Red Claw cornered Catwoman, and began mercilessly beating the thief.

How to farm red claw crayfish

However, the same wildlife her foundation had been displacing came to Catwoman's aid; a mountain lion attacked the terrorist. As police flooded the scene, Red Claw had no means of escape, and she was arrested. Red Claw resurfaces again in the final episode of the series, this time to unintentionally cause trouble for Batman himself by abducting his butler Alfred Pennyworth and his cousin. Frederick upon learning that they are the only two ex-soldiers of the British Secret Service who know the full code to a missile capable of turning an entire city into rubble.

Red Claw has her men abduct them and take them to her new hideout in London, England, the country she plans to blackmail with the missile unless she is paid five billion pounds although her true intention is to destroy London after giving them a "two minute warning". Batman and Robin travel to London and find Red Claw's hideout, where they manage to defeat Red Claw's men just as she learns the firing code from Alfred via a truth serum. Batman hurries to the Batwing and chases the missile, determining to destroy it before it hits Trafalgar Square. Red Claw knocks Robin out and manages to climb into the Batwing before it takes off, resulting in another fight between Batman and Red Claw in which Red Claw pulls Batman's mask off by accident.

Infuriated, Batman ejects the passenger seat in which Red Claw was sitting, and she is launched out of the Batwing and into the River Thames. Though she had no explicit metahuman powers, Red Claw was an expert martial artist. She was also an expert tactician. This combination lent itself well to her terrorist ideals and methods, and she was a natural leader for her cause.

As such, she had access to a wide variety of weaponry both biological and mechanical , as well as numerous henchmen working under her, ranging from thieves to businessmen. This edit will also create new pages on Comic Vine for:

• Flare #27
• Shamanism: A Biopsychosocial Paradigm of Consciousness and Healing
• A Walk on The Wild Side (Tales from The Wild Side Book 7)
• Order and Chaos and Other Works
• Being Borzoi: tales of adventures
• Healing a Friends Grieving Heart: 100 Practical Ideas for Helping Someone You Love Through Loss (Hea